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419 lines
25 KiB
ESP-LINK
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========
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This firmware connects an attached micro-controller to the internet using a ESP8266 Wifi module.
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It implements a number of features:
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- transparent bridge between Wifi and serial, useful for debugging or inputting into a uC
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- flash-programming attached Arduino/AVR microcontrollers, esp8266 modules, as well as
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LPC800-series and other ARM microcontrollers via Wifi
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- built-in stk500v1 programmer for AVR uC's with optiboot: program using HTTP upload of hex file
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- outbound TCP (and thus HTTP) connections from the attached micro-controller to the internet
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- outbound REST HTTP requests from the attached micro-controller to the internet, protocol
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based on espduino and compatible with [tuanpmt/espduino](https://github.com/tuanpmt/espduino)
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The firmware includes a tiny HTTP server based on
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[esphttpd](http://www.esp8266.com/viewforum.php?f=34)
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with a simple web interface, many thanks to Jeroen Domburg for making it available!
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Many thanks to https://github.com/brunnels for contributions around the espduino functionality.
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###[Releases](https://github.com/jeelabs/esp-link/releases)
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- [V2.1.beta5](https://github.com/jeelabs/esp-link/releases/tag/v2.1.beta5) has the new built-in
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stk500v1 programmer and works on all modules (esp-01 through esp-12). This is still beta-ware!
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- [V2.0.rc1](https://github.com/jeelabs/esp-link/releases/tag/v2.0.rc1) has REST support but
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requires a 1MByte or 4MByte ESP8266 flash, e.g. esp-12 or wroom-02. Despite being labeled
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as release candidate this is a pretty stable release.
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- [V1.0.4](https://github.com/jeelabs/esp-link/releases/tag/v1.0.4) is _stable_
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and has the web server, transparent bridge, flash-programming support, but lacks
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the REST and upcoming MQTT support. V1 works with 512KB flash, e.g. esp-01, esp-03, ...
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Unless you've been using V1 and want to stay on it, the V1 series is really obsolete and
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I recommend trying the latest V2 at this point.
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For quick support and questions:
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[](https://gitter.im/jeelabs/esp-link?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
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Esp-link uses
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-------------
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The simplest use of esp-link is as a transparent serial to wifi bridge. You can flash an attached
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uC over wifi and you can watch the uC's serial debug output by connecting to port 23 or looking
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at the uC Console web page.
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The next level is to use the outbound connectivity of esp-link in the uC code. For example, the
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uC can use REST requests to services like thingspeak.com to send sensor values that then get
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stored and plotted by the external service.
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The uC can also use REST requests to retrieve simple configuration
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information or push other forms of notifications. (MQTT functionality is forthcoming.)
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An additional option is to add code to esp-link to customize it and put all the communication
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code into esp-link and only keep simple sensor/actuator control in the attached uC. In this
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mode the attached uC sends custom commands to esp-link with sensor/acturator info and
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registers a set of callbacks with esp-link that control sensors/actuators. This way, custom
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commands in esp-link can receive MQTT messages, make simple callbacks into the uC to get sensor
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values or change actuators, and then respond back with MQTT. The way this is architected is that
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the attached uC registers callbacks at start-up such that the code in the esp doesn't need to
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know which exact sensors/actuators the attached uC has, it learns that through the initial
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callback registration.
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Eye Candy
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---------
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These screen shots show the Home page, the Wifi configuration page, the console for the
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attached microcontroller, and the pin assignments card:
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<img width="45%" src="https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/39480/8261425/6ca395a6-167f-11e5-8e92-77150371135a.png">
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<img width="45%" src="https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/39480/8261427/6caf7326-167f-11e5-8085-bc8b20159b2b.png">
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<img width="45%" src="https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/39480/8261426/6ca7f75e-167f-11e5-827d-9a1c582ad05d.png">
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<img width="30%" src="https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/39480/8261658/11e6c64a-1681-11e5-82d0-ea5ec90a6ddb.png">
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Hardware info
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-------------
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This firmware is designed for any esp8266 module.
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The recommended connections for an esp-01 module are:
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- URXD: connect to TX of microcontroller
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- UTXD: connect to RX of microcontroller
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- GPIO0: connect to RESET of microcontroller
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- GPIO2: optionally connect green LED to 3.3V (indicates wifi status)
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The recommended connections for an esp-12 module are:
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- URXD: connect to TX of microcontroller
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- UTXD: connect to RX of microcontroller
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- GPIO12: connect to RESET of microcontroller
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- GPIO13: connect to ISP of LPC/ARM microcontroller or to GPIO0 of esp8266 being programmed
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(not used with Arduino/AVR)
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- GPIO0: optionally connect green "conn" LED to 3.3V (indicates wifi status)
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- GPIO2: optionally connect yellow "ser" LED to 3.3V (indicates serial activity)
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If your application has problems with the boot message that is output at ~74600 baud by the ROM
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at boot time you can connect an esp-12 module as follows and choose the "swap_uart" pin assignment
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in the esp-link web interface:
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- GPIO13: connect to TX of microcontroller
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- GPIO15: connect to RX of microcontroller
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- GPIO1/UTXD: connect to RESET of microcontroller
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- GPIO3/URXD: connect to ISP of LPC/ARM microcontroller or to GPIO0 of esp8266 being programmed
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(not used with Arduino/AVR)
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- GPIO0: optionally connect green "conn" LED to 3.3V (indicates wifi status)
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- GPIO2: optionally connect yellow "ser" LED to 3.3V (indicates serial activity)
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If you are using an FTDI connector, GPIO12 goes to DTR and GPIO13 goes to CTS (or vice-versa, I've
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seen both used, sigh).
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The GPIO pin assignments can be changed dynamically in the web UI and are saved in flash.
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Initial flashing
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----------------
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If you want to simply flash a pre-built firmware binary, you can download the latest
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[release](https://github.com/jeelabs/esp-link/releases) and use your favorite
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ESP8266 flashing tool to flash the bootloader, the firmware, and blank settings.
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Detailed instructions are provided in the release notes.
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_Important_: the firmware adapts automatically to the size of the flash chip using information
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stored in the boot sector (address 0). This is the standard way that the esp8266 SDK detects
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the flash size. What this means is that you need to set this properly when you flash the bootloader.
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If you use esptool.py you can do it using the -ff and -fs options.
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Wifi configuration overview
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------------------
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For proper operation the end state that esp-link needs to arrive at is to have it
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join your pre-existing wifi network as a pure station.
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However, in order to get there esp-link will start out as an access point and you'll have
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to join its network to configure it. The short version is:
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1. esp-link creates a wifi access point with an SSID of the form `ESP_012ABC` (some modules
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use a different SSID form, such as `ai-thinker-012ABC`)
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2. you join your laptop or phone to esp-link's network as a station and you configure
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esp-link wifi with your network info by pointing your browser at http://192.168.4.1/
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3. you set a hostname for esp-link on the "home" page, or leave the default ("esp-link")
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4. esp-link starts to connect to your network while continuing to also be an access point
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("AP+STA"), the esp-link may show up with a `${hostname}.local` hostname
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(depends on your DHCP/DNS config)
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4. esp-link succeeds in connecting and shuts down its own access point after 15 seconds,
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you reconnect your laptop/phone to your normal network and access esp-link via its hostname
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or IP address
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LED indicators
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--------------
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Assuming appropriate hardware attached to GPIO pins, the green "conn" LED will show the wifi
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status as follows:
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- Very short flash once a second: not connected to a network and running as AP+STA, i.e.
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trying to connect to the configured network
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- Very short flash once every two seconds: not connected to a network and running as AP-only
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- Even on/off at 1HZ: connected to the configured network but no IP address (waiting on DHCP)
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- Steady on with very short off every 3 seconds: connected to the configured network with an
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IP address (esp-link shuts down its AP after 60 seconds)
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The yellow "ser" LED will blink briefly every time serial data is sent or received by the esp-link.
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Wifi configuration details
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--------------------------
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After you have serially flashed the module it will create a wifi access point (AP) with an
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SSID of the form `ESP_012ABC` where 012ABC is a piece of the module's MAC address.
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Using a laptop, phone, or tablet connect to this SSID and then open a browser pointed at
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http://192.168.4.1/, you should then see the esp-link web site.
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Now configure the wifi. The desired configuration is for the esp-link to be a
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station on your local wifi network so you can communicate with it from all your computers.
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To make this happen, navigate to the wifi page and you should see the esp-link scan
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for available networks. You should then see a list of detected networks on the web page and you
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can select yours.
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Enter a password if your network is secure (highly recommended...) and hit the connect button.
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You should now see that the esp-link has connected to your network and it should show you
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its IP address. _Write it down_. You will then have to switch your laptop, phone, or tablet
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back to your network and then you can connect to the esp-link's IP address or, depending on your
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network's DHCP/DNS config you may be able to go to http://esp-link.local
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At this point the esp-link will have switched to STA mode and be just a station on your
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wifi network. These settings are stored in flash and thereby remembered through resets and
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power cycles. They are also remembered when you flash new firmware. Only flashing `blank.bin`
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via the serial port as indicated above will reset the wifi settings.
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There is a fail-safe, which is that after a reset or a configuration change, if the esp-link
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cannot connect to your network it will revert back to AP+STA mode after 15 seconds and thus
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both present its `ESP_012ABC`-style network and continue trying to reconnect to the requested network.
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You can then connect to the esp-link's AP and reconfigure the station part.
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One open issue (#28) is that esp-link cannot always display the IP address it is getting to the browser
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used to configure the ssid/password info. The problem is that the initial STA+AP mode may use
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channel 1 and you configure it to connect to an AP on channel 6. This requires the ESP8266's AP
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to also switch to channel 6 disconnecting you in the meantime.
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Hostname, description, DHCP, mDNS
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---------------------------------
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You can set a hostname on the "home" page, this should be just the hostname and not a domain
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name, i.e., something like "test-module-1" and not "test-module-1.mydomain.com".
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This has a number of effects:
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- you will see the first 12 chars of the hostname in the menu bar (top left of the page) so
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if you have multiple modules you can distinguish them visually
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- esp-link will use the hostname in its DHCP request, which allows you to identify the module's
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MAC and IP addresses in your DHCP server (typ. your wifi router). In addition, some DHCP
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servers will inject these names into the local DNS cache so you can use URLs like
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`hostname.local`.
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- someday, esp-link will inject the hostname into mDNS (multicast DNS, bonjour, etc...) so
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URLs of the form `hostname.local` work for everyone (as of v2.1.beta5 mDNS is disabled due
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to reliability issues with it)
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You can also enter a description of up to 128 characters on the home page (bottom right). This
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allows you to leave a memo for yourself, such as "installed in basement to control the heating
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system". This descritpion is not used anywhere else.
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Troubleshooting
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---------------
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- verify that you have sufficient power, borderline power can cause the esp module to seemingly
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function until it tries to transmit and the power rail collapses
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- if you just cannot flash your esp8266 module (some people call it the zombie mode) make sure you
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have gpio0 and gpio15 pulled to gnd with a 1K resistor, gpio2 tied to 3.3V with 1K resistor, and
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RX/TX connected without anything in series. If you need to level shift the signal going into the
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esp8266's RX use a 1K resistor. Use 115200 baud in the flasher.
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(For a permanent set-up I would use higher resistor values but
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when nothing seems to work these are the ones I try.)
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- if the flashing succeeded, check the "conn" LED to see which mode esp-link is in (see LED info above)
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- reset or power-cycle the esp-link to force it to become an access-point if it can't
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connect to your network within 15-20 seconds
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- if the LED says that esp-link is on your network but you can't get to it, make sure your
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laptop is on the same network (and no longer on the esp's network)
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- if you do not know the esp-link's IP address on your network, try `esp-link.local`, try to find
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the lease in your DHCP server; if all fails, you may have to turn off your access point (or walk
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far enough away) and reset/power-cycle esp-link, it will then fail to connect and start its
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own AP after 15-20 seconds
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Building the firmware
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---------------------
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The firmware has been built using the [esp-open-sdk](https://github.com/pfalcon/esp-open-sdk)
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on a Linux system. Create an esp8266 directory, install the esp-open-sdk into a sub-directory.
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Download the Espressif SDK (use the version mentioned in the release notes) from their
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[download forum](http://bbs.espressif.com/viewforum.php?f=5) and also expand it into a
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sub-directory. Then clone the esp-link repository into a third sub-directory.
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This way the relative paths in the Makefile will work.
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If you choose a different directory structure look at the Makefile for the appropriate environment
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variables to define.
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In order to OTA-update the esp8266 you should `export ESP_HOSTNAME=...` with the hostname or
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IP address of your module.
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Now, build the code: `make` in the top-level of esp-link.
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A few notes from others (I can't fully verify these):
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- You may need to install `zlib1g-dev` and `python-serial`
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- Make sure you have the correct version of the esp_iot_sdk
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- Make sure the paths at the beginning of the makefile are correct
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- Make sure `esp-open-sdk/xtensa-lx106-elf/bin` is in the PATH set in the Makefile
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It is possible to build esp-link on Windows, but it requires a gaggle of software to be installed:
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- Install the unofficial sdk, mingw, SourceTree (gui git client), python 2.7, git cli, Java
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- Use SourceTree to checkout under C:\espressif or wherever you installed the unofficial sdk,
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(see this thread for the unofficial sdk http://www.esp8266.com/viewtopic.php?t=820)
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- Create a symbolic link under c:/espressif for the git bin directory under program files and
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the java bin directory under program files.
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- ...
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Updating the firmware over-the-air
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---------------------
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This firmware supports over-the-air (OTA) flashing, so you do not have to deal with serial
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flashing again after the initial one! The recommended way to flash is to use `make wiflash`
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if you are also building the firmware.
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If you are downloading firmware binaries use `./wiflash`.
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`make wiflash` assumes that you set `ESP_HOSTNAME` to the hostname or IP address of your esp-link.
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You can easily do that using something like `ESP_HOSTNAME=192.168.1.5 make wiflash`.
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The flashing, restart, and re-associating with your wireless network takes about 15 seconds
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and is fully automatic. The first 1MB of flash are divided into two 512KB partitions allowing for new
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code to be uploaded into one partition while running from the other. This is the official
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OTA upgrade method supported by the SDK, except that the firmware is POSTed to the module
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using curl as opposed to having the module download it from a cloud server. On a module with
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512KB flash there is only space for one partition and thus no way to do an OTA update.
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If you are downloading the binary versions of the firmware (links forthcoming) you need to have
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both `user1.bin` and `user2.bin` handy and run `wiflash.sh <esp-hostname> user1.bin user2.bin`.
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This will query the esp-link for which file it needs, upload the file, and then reconnect to
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ensure all is well.
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Note that when you flash the firmware the wifi settings are all preserved so the esp-link should
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reconnect to your network within a few seconds and the whole flashing process should take 15-30
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from beginning to end. If you need to clear the wifi settings you need to reflash the `blank.bin`
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using the serial port.
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The flash configuration and the OTA upgrade process is described in more detail in [FLASH.md](FLASH.md)
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Serial bridge and connections to Arduino, AVR, ARM, LPC microcontrollers
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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In order to connect through the esp-link to a microcontroller use port 23. For example,
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on linux you can use `nc esp-hostname 23` or `telnet esp-hostname 23`.
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Note that multiple connections to port 23 and 2323 can be made simultaneously. Esp-link will
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intermix characters received on all these connections onto the serial TX and it will
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broadcast incoming characters from the serial RX to all connections. Use with caution!
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### Flashing an attached AVR/Arduino
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There are three options for reprogramming an attached AVR/Arduino microcontroller:
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- Use avrdude and point it at port 23 of esp-link. Esp-link automatically detects the programming
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sequence and issues a reset to the AVR.
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- Use avrdude and point it at port 2323 of esp-link. This is the same as port 23 except that the
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autodectection is not used and the reset happens because port 2323 is used
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- Use curl or a similar tool to HTTP POST the firmware to esp-link. This uses the built-in
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programmer, which only works for AVRs/Arduinos with the optiboot bootloader (which is std).
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To reprogram an Arduino / AVR microcontroller by pointing avrdude at port 23 or 2323 you
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specify a serial port of the form `net:esp-link:23` in avrdude's -P option, where
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`esp-link` is either the hostname of your esp-link or its IP address).
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This is instead of specifying a serial port of the form /dev/ttyUSB0.
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Esp-link detects that avrdude starts its connection with a flash synchronization sequence
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and sends a reset to the AVR microcontroller so it can switch into flash programming mode.
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To reprogram using the HTTP POST method you need to first issue a POST to put optiboot into
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programming mode: POST to `http://esp-link/pgm/sync`, this starts the process. Then check that
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synchronization with optiboot has been achieved by issuing a GET to the same URL
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(`http://esp-link/pgm/sync`). Repeat until you have sync (takes <500ms normally). Finally
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issue a POST request to `http://esp-link/pgm/upload` with your hex file as POST data (raw,
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not url-encoded or multipart-mime. Please look into the avrflash script for the curl command-line
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details or use that script directly (`./avrflash esp-link.local my_sketch.hex`).
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_Important_: after the initial sync request that resets the AVR you have 10 seconds to get to the
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upload post or esp-link will time-out. So if you're manually entering curl commands have them
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prepared so you can copy&paste!
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Beware of the baud rate, which you can set on the uC Console page. Sometimes you may be using
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115200 baud in sketches but the bootloader may use 57600 baud. When you use port 23 or 2323 you
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need to set the baud rate correctly. If you use the built-in programmer (HTTP POST method) then
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esp-link will try the configured baud rate and also 9600, 57600, and 115200 baud, so it should
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work even if you have the wrong baud rate configured...
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When to use which method? If port 23 works then go with that. If you have trouble getting sync
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or it craps out in the middle too often then try the built-in programmer with the HTTP POST.
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If your AVR doesn't use optiboot then use port 2323 since esp-link may not recognize the programming
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sequence and not issue a reset if you use port 23.
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If you are having trouble with the built-in programmer and see something like this:
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```
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# ./avrflash 192.168.3.104 blink.hex
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Error checking sync: FAILED to SYNC: abandoned after timeout, got:
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:\xF/\x00\xCj\xCz\xCJ\xCZ\xC\xAÜ\xC\xAä\xC\xAÜ\xC\xAä\xC\xBì\xC\xBô\xC\xBì\xC\xBô\xC\xAÜ\xC\xAä\xC
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```
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the most likely cause is a baud rate mismatch and/or a bad connection from the esp8266 to the
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AVRs reset line.
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The baud rate used by esp-link is set on the uC Console web page and, as mentioned above, it will
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automatically try 9600, 57600, and 115200 as well.
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The above garbage characters are most likely due to optiboot timing out and starting the sketch
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and then the sketch sending data at a different baud rate than configured into esp-link.
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Note that sketches don't necessarily use the same baud rate as optiboot, so you may have the
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correct baud rate configured but reset isn't functioning, or reset may be functioning but the
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baud rate may be incorrect.
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The output of a successful flash using the built-in programmer looks like this:
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```
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Success. 3098 bytes at 57600 baud in 0.8s, 3674B/s 63% efficient
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```
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This says that the sketch comprises 3098 bytes of flash, was written in 0.8 seconds
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(excludes the initial sync time) at 57600 baud,
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and the 3098 bytes were flashed at a rate of 3674 bytes per second.
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The efficiency measure is the ratio of the actual rate to the serial baud rate,
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thus 3674/5760 = 0.63 (there are 10 baud per character).
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The efficiency is not 100% because there is protocol overhead (such as sync, record type, and
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length characters)
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and there is dead time waiting for an ack or preparing the next record to be sent.
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### Flashing an attached ARM processor
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You can reprogram NXP's LPC800-series and many other ARM processors as well by pointing your
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programmer similarly at the esp-link's port 23. For example, if you are using
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https://github.com/jeelabs/embello/tree/master/tools/uploader a command line like
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`uploader -t -s -w esp-link:23 build/firmware.bin` does the trick.
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The way it works is that the uploader uses telnet protocol escape sequences in order to
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make esp-link issue the appropriate "ISP" and reset sequence to the microcontroller to start the
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flash programming. If you use a different ARM programming tool it will work as well as long as
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it starts the connection with the `?\r\n` synchronization sequence.
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### Flashing an attached esp8266
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(This is not well tested, more details forthcoming...)
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Yes, you can use esp-link running on one esp8266 module to flash another esp8266 module!
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The basic idea is to use some method to direct the esp8266 flash program to port 2323 of
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esp-link. Using port 2323 with the appropriate wiring will cause the esp8266's reset and
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gpio0 pins to be toggled such that the chip enters the flash programming mode.
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One option for connecting the programmer with esp-link is to use my version of esptool.py
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at http://github.com/tve/esptool, which supports specifying a URL instead of a port. Thus
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instead of specifying something like `--port /dev/ttyUSB0` or `--port COM1` you specify
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`--port socket://esp-link.local:2323`. Important: the baud rate specified on the esptool.py
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command-line is irrelevant as the baud rate used by esp-link will be the one set in the
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uC console page. Fortunately the esp8266 bootloader does auto-baud detection. (Setting the
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baud rate to 115200 is recommended.)
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Another option is to use a serial-to-tcp port forwarding driver and point that to port 2323
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of esp-link. On windows users have reported success with
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[HW Virtual Serial Port](http://www.hw-group.com/products/hw_vsp/hw_vsp2_en.html)
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Debug log
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---------
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The esp-link web UI can display the esp-link debug log (os_printf statements in the code). This
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is handy but sometimes not sufficient. Esp-link also prints the debug info to the UART where
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it is sometimes more convenient and sometimes less... For this reason three UART debug log
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modes are supported that can be set in the web UI (and the mode is saved in flash):
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- auto: the UART log starts enabled at boot using uart0 and disables itself when esp-link
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associates with an AP. It re-enables itself if the association is lost.
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- off: the UART log is always off
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- on0: the UART log is always on using uart0
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- on1: the UART log is always on using uart1 (gpio2 pin)
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Note that even if the UART log is always off the ROM prints to uart0 whenever the
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esp8266 comes out of reset. This cannot be disabled.
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Outbound HTTP REST requests and MQTT client
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-------------------------------------------
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The V2 versions of esp-link support the espduino SLIP protocol that supports simple outbound
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HTTP REST requests as well as an MQTT client. The SLIP protocol consists of commands with
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binary arguments sent from the
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attached microcontroller to the esp8266, which then performs the command and responds back.
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The responses back use a callback address in the attached microcontroller code, i.e., the
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command sent by the uC contains a callback address and the response from the esp8266 starts
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|
with that callback address. This enables asynchronous communication where esp-link can notify the
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uC when requests complete or when other actions happen, such as wifi connectivity status changes.
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You can find a demo sketch in a fork of the espduino library at
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https://github.com/tve/espduino in the
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|
[examples/demo folder](https://github.com/tve/espduino/tree/master/espduino/examples/demo).
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More docs forthcoming...
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Contact
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-------
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If you find problems with esp-link, please create a github issue. If you have a question, please
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use the gitter chat link at the top of this page.
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