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114 lines
7.4 KiB
114 lines
7.4 KiB
# MiniDexed 
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MiniDexed is a FM synthesizer closely modeled on the famous DX7 by a well-known Japanese manufacturer running on a bare metal Raspberry Pi (without a Linux kernel or operating system). On Raspberry Pi 2 and larger, it can run 8 tone generators, not unlike the TX816/TX802 (8 DX7 instances without the keyboard in one box). [Featured on HACKADAY](https://hackaday.com/2022/04/19/bare-metal-gives-this-pi-some-classic-synths/).
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## Features
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- [x] Uses [Synth_Dexed](https://codeberg.org/dcoredump/Synth_Dexed) with [circle-stdlib](https://github.com/smuehlst/circle-stdlib)
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- [x] SD card contents can be downloaded from [GitHub Releases](../../releases)
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- [x] Runs on all Raspberry Pi models (except Pico); see below for details
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- [x] Produces sound on the headphone jack, HDMI display or [audio extractor](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki/Hardware#hdmi-to-audio) (better), or a [dedicated DAC](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki/Hardware#i2c-dac) (best)
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- [x] Supports multiple voices through Program Change and Bank Change LSB/MSB MIDI messages
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- [x] Loads `.syx` files from SD card (e.g., using `getsysex.sh` or from [Dexed_cart_1.0.zip](http://hsjp.eu/downloads/Dexed/Dexed_cart_1.0.zip))
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- [x] Menu structure on optional [HD44780 display](https://www.berrybase.de/sensoren-module/displays/alphanumerische-displays/alphanumerisches-lcd-16x2-gr-252-n/gelb) and rotary encoder
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- [x] Runs up to 8 Dexed instances simultaneously (like in a TX816) and mixes their output together
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- [x] Allows for each Dexed instance to be detuned and stereo shifted
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- [x] Allows to configure multiple Dexed instances through `performance.ini` files
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- [x] Compressor effect
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- [x] Reverb effect
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## Introduction
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Video about this project by [Floyd Steinberg](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3t94ceMHJo):
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[](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3t94ceMHJo)
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## System Requirements
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* Raspberry Pi 1, 2, 3, 4, or 400 (Zero and Zero 2 can be used but need HDMI or a supported i2s DAC for audio out). On Raspberry Pi 1 and on Raspberry Pi Zero there will be severely limited functionality (only one tone generator instead of 8)
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* A [PCM5102A or PCM5122 based DAC](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki/Hardware#i2c-dac), HDMI display or [audio extractor](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki/Hardware#hdmi-to-audio) for good sound quality. If you don't have this, you can use the headphone jack on the Raspberry Pi but on anything but the Raspberry 4 the sound quality will be seriously limited
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* Optionally (but highly recommended), an [LCDC1602 Display](https://www.berrybase.de/en/sensors-modules/displays/alphanumeric-displays/alphanumerisches-lcd-16x2-gr-252-n/gelb) (not i2c) and a [KY-040 rotary encoder](https://www.berrybase.de/en/components/passive-components/potentiometer/rotary-encoder/drehregler/rotary-encoder-mit-breakoutboard-ohne-gewinde-und-mutter)
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## Usage
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* In the case of Raspberry Pi 4, Update the firmware and bootloader to the latest version (not doing this may cause USB reliability issues)
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* Download from [GitHub Releases](../../releases)
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* Unzip
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* Put the files into the root directory of a FAT32 formatted partition on SD/microSD card
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* Put SD/microSD card into Raspberry Pi 1, 2, 3 or 4, or 400 (Zero and Zero 2 can be used but need HDMI or a supported i2c DAC for audio out)
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* Attach headphones to the headphone jack using `SoundDevice=pwm` in `minidexed.ini` (default) (poor audio quality)
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* Alternatively, attach a PCM5102A or PCM5122 based DAC and select i2c sound output using `SoundDevice=i2s` in `minidexed.ini` (best audio quality)
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* Alternatively, attach a HDMI display with sound and select HDMI sound output using `SoundDevice=hdmi` in `minidexed.ini` (this may introduce slight latency)
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* Attach a MIDI keyboard via USB (alternatively you can build a circuit that allows you to attach a "traditional" MIDI keyboard using a DIN connector, or use a DIN-MIDI-to-USB adapter)
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* Boot
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* Start playing
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* If the system seems to become unresponsive after a few seconds, remove `usbspeed=full` from `cmdline.txt` and repeat ([details](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/issues/39))
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* See the Wiki for [Menu](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki/Menu) operation
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* If something is unclear or does not work, don't hesitate to [ask](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/discussions/)!
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## Pinout
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All devices on Raspberry Pi GPIOs are **optional**.
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__CAUTION:__ All GPIO numbers are [chip numbers](https://pinout.xyz/), not header positions.
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|GPIO | Device | | Function | Direction | Comment|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|14 | UART | | TXD | | OUT | | serial MIDI|
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|15 | UART | | RXD | | IN | | serial MIDI|
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|18 | DAC | | CLK | | OUT|
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|19 | DAC | | FS | | OUT|
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|21 | DAC | | DOUT | | OUT|
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|02 | I2C | | SDA | | IN/OUT | | used by some DACs|
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|03 | I2C | | SCL | | OUT | | used by some DACs|
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|17 | LCD | | EN | | OUT | | default setting|
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|27 | LCD | | RS | | OUT | | default setting|
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|16 | LCD | | RW | | OUT | | default setting, optional|
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|22 | LCD | | D4 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|23 | LCD | | D5 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|24 | LCD | | D6 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|25 | LCD | | D7 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|05 | ROTARY ENCODER | CLK (ENC A) | IN | | default setting|
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|06 | ROTARY ENCODER | DT (ENC B) | IN | | default setting|
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|26 | ROTARY ENCODER | SW | | IN | | default setting|
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|12 | PWM AUDIO | PWM0 | | OUT | | on Raspberry Pi Zero|
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|13 | PWM AUDIO | PWM1 | | OUT | | on Raspberry Pi Zero|
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|07 | SPI | | /CE1 | | OUT | | reserved|
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|08 | SPI | | /CE0 | | OUT | | reserved|
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|09 | SPI | | MISO | | IN | | reserved|
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|10 | SPI | | MOSI | | OUT | | reserved|
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|11 | SPI | | SCLK | | OUT | | reserved|
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|04 | NONE | | | | | | can generate clock signal|
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|20 | NONE | | | | | | may be used for DAC DIN|
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## Downloading
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Compiled versions are available on [GitHub Releases](../../releases). Just download and put on a FAT32 formatted SD card.
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## Building
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Please see the [wiki](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki/Development#building-locally) on how to compile the code yourself.
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## Contributing
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This project lives from the contributions of skilled C++ developers, testers, writers, etc. Please see https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/issues.
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## Discussions
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We are happy to hear from you. Please join the discussions on https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/discussions.
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## Documentation
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Project documentation is at https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki.
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## Acknowledgements
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This project stands on the shoulders of giants. Special thanks to:
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* [raphlinus](https://github.com/raphlinus) for the [MSFA](https://github.com/google/music-synthesizer-for-android) sound engine
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* [asb2m10](https://github.com/asb2m10/dexed) for the [Dexed](https://github.com/asb2m10/dexed) software
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* [dcoredump](https://github.com/dcoredump) for https://codeberg.org/dcoredump/Synth_Dexed, a port of Dexed for embedded systems
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* [rsta2](https://github.com/rsta2) for https://github.com/rsta2/circle, the library to run code on bare metal Raspberry Pi (without a Linux kernel or operating system) and for the bulk of the MiniDexed code
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* [smuehlst](https://github.com/smuehlst) for https://github.com/smuehlst/circle-stdlib, a version with Standard C and C++ library support
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