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178 lines
8.5 KiB
178 lines
8.5 KiB
# MiniDexed 
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MiniDexed is a FM synthesizer closely modeled on the famous DX7 by a well-known Japanese manufacturer running on a bare metal Raspberry Pi (without a Linux kernel or operating system). On Pi Raspberry 2 and larger, it can run 8 tone generators, basically creating an open source equivalent of the TX816/TX802 (8 DX7 instances without the keyboard in one box).
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## Features
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- [x] Uses [Synth_Dexed](https://codeberg.org/dcoredump/Synth_Dexed) with [circle-stdlib](https://github.com/smuehlst/circle-stdlib)
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- [x] SD card contents can be downloaded from [GitHub Releases](../../releases)
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- [x] Runs on Raspberry Pi Zero, Raspberry Pi 1, 2, 3, 4, 400
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- [x] produces sound on the headphone jack, HDMI (better), or a dedicated DAC (best)
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- [x] Supports multiple voices through Program Change and Bank Change LSB/MSB MIDI messages
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- [x] Loads `.syx` files from SD card (e.g., using `getsysex.sh` or from [Dexed_cart_1.0.zip](http://hsjp.eu/downloads/Dexed/Dexed_cart_1.0.zip))
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- [x] Menu structure on optional [HD44780 display](https://www.berrybase.de/sensoren-module/displays/alphanumerische-displays/alphanumerisches-lcd-16x2-gr-252-n/gelb) and rotary encoder
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- [x] Runs up to 8 Dexed instances simultaneously (like in a TX816) and mixes their output together
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- [x] Allows for each Dexed instance to be detuned and stereo shifted
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- [x] Allows to configure multiple Dexed instances through `performance.ini` files
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- [x] Compressor effect
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- [x] Reverb effect
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TODO
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- [ ] Make it possible to assign voice parameters to sliders and knobs on MIDI controllers
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- [ ] https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/issues
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## Introduction
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Video about this project by [Floyd Steinberg](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3t94ceMHJo):
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[](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3t94ceMHJo)
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## System Requirements
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* Raspberry Pi 1, 2, 3, 4, or 400 (Zero and Zero 2 can be used but need HDMI or a supported i2s DAC for audio out). On Raspberry Pi 1 and on Raspberry Pi Zero there will be severely limited functionality (only one tone generator instead of 8)
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* A PCM5102A or PCM5122 based DAC or HDMI display or audio extractor for good sound quality. If you don't have this, you can use the headphone jack on the Raspberry Pi but on anything but the Raspberry 4 the sound quality will be seriously limited
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* Optionally (but highly recommended), an [alphanumeric 1602 LCD Display](https://www.berrybase.de/en/sensors-modules/displays/alphanumeric-displays/alphanumerisches-lcd-16x2-gr-252-n/gelb) and a [KY-040 rotary encoder](https://www.berrybase.de/en/components/passive-components/potentiometer/rotary-encoder/drehregler/rotary-encoder-mit-breakoutboard-ohne-gewinde-und-mutter)
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## Usage
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* In the case of Raspberry Pi 4, Update the firmware and bootloader to the latest version (not doing this may cause USB reliability issues)
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* Download from [GitHub Releases](../../releases)
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* Unzip
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* Put the files into the root directory of a FAT32 formatted partition on SD/microSD card
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* Put SD/microSD card into Raspberry Pi 1, 2, 3 or 4, or 400 (Zero and Zero 2 can be used but need HDMI or a supported i2c DAC for audio out)
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* Attach headphones to the headphone jack using `SoundDevice=pwm` in `minidexed.ini` (default) (poor audio quality)
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* Alternatively, attach a PCM5102A or PCM5122 based DAC and select i2c sound output using `SoundDevice=i2s` in `minidexed.ini` (best audio quality)
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* Alternatively, attach a HDMI display with sound and select HDMI sound output using `SoundDevice=hdmi` in `minidexed.ini` (this may introduce slight latency)
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* Attach a MIDI keyboard via USB
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* Boot
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* Start playing
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* See the Wiki for [Menu](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki/Menu) operation
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## Pinout
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All devices on Raspberry Pi GPIOs are **optional**.
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__CAUTION:__ All GPIO numbers are [chip numbers](https://pinout.xyz/), not header positions.
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|GPIO | Device | | Function | Direction | Comment|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|14 | UART | | TXD | | OUT | | serial MIDI|
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|15 | UART | | RXD | | IN | | serial MIDI|
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|18 | DAC | | CLK | | OUT|
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|19 | DAC | | FS | | OUT|
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|21 | DAC | | DOUT | | OUT|
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|02 | I2C | | SDA | | IN/OUT | | used by some DACs|
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|03 | I2C | | SCL | | OUT | | used by some DACs|
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|17 | LCD | | EN | | OUT | | default setting|
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|27 | LCD | | RS | | OUT | | default setting|
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|16 | LCD | | RW | | OUT | | default setting, optional|
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|22 | LCD | | D4 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|23 | LCD | | D5 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|24 | LCD | | D6 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|25 | LCD | | D7 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|05 | ROTARY ENCODER | CLK (ENC A) | IN | | default setting|
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|06 | ROTARY ENCODER | DT (ENC B) | IN | | default setting|
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|26 | ROTARY ENCODER | SW | | IN | | default setting|
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|12 | PWM AUDIO | PWM0 | | OUT | | on Raspberry Pi Zero|
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|13 | PWM AUDIO | PWM1 | | OUT | | on Raspberry Pi Zero|
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|07 | SPI | | /CE1 | | OUT | | reserved|
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|08 | SPI | | /CE0 | | OUT | | reserved|
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|09 | SPI | | MISO | | IN | | reserved|
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|10 | SPI | | MOSI | | OUT | | reserved|
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|11 | SPI | | SCLK | | OUT | | reserved|
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|04 | NONE | | | | | | can generate clock signal|
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|20 | NONE | | | | | | may be used for DAC DIN|
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## Downloading
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Compiled versions are available on [GitHub Releases](../../releases). Just download and put on a FAT32 formatted SD card.
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## Building locally
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If you need to build the source code yoursel, you can use the following example, e.g., to build for Raspberry Pi 4 on a Ubuntu 20.04 build system. See [`build.yml`](../../tree/main/.github/workflows/build.yml) for complete build steps that create versions for Raspberry Pi 1, 2, 3,and 4 in 32-bit and 64-bit as required.
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```
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# Choose your RPi
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export RPI=4
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git clone https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed
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cd MiniDexed
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mkdir -p kernels sdcard
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# Recursively pull git submodules
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git submodule update --init --recursive
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# Install toolchain
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if [ "${RPI}" -gt 2 ]
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then
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wget https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu-a/10.3-2021.07/binrel/gcc-arm-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-aarch64-none-elf.tar.xz
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else
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wget https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu-a/10.3-2021.07/binrel/gcc-arm-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz
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fi
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tar xvf gcc-arm-*-*.tar.xz
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export PATH=$(readlink -f ./gcc-*/bin/):$PATH
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# Build dependencies and MiniDexed
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./build.sh
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cp ./src/kernel*.img ./kernels/
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# Get Raspberry Pi boot files
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cd ./circle-stdlib/libs/circle/boot
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make
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if [ "${RPI}" -gt 2 ]
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then
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make armstub64
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fi
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cd -
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# Make zip that contains Raspberry Pi 4 boot files. The contents can be copied to a FAT32 formatted partition on a microSD card
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cd sdcard
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../getsysex.sh
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cd ..
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cp -r ./circle-stdlib/libs/circle/boot/* sdcard
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rm -rf sdcard/config*.txt sdcard/README sdcard/Makefile sdcard/armstub sdcard/COPYING.linux
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cp ./src/config.txt ./src/minidexed.ini ./src/*img ./src/performance.ini sdcard/
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echo "usbspeed=full" > sdcard/cmdline.txt
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cd sdcard
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cp ../kernels/* . || true
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zip -r ../MiniDexed_$GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER_$(date +%Y-%m-%d).zip *
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cd -
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# Optionally, create a RPi image. This can be written to a microSD card using tools like Etcher or dd
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sudo apt install --yes mount parted
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IMG="`date +%Y-%m-%d`_minidexed-RPi${RPI}.img"
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dd of="${IMG}" seek=50MiB bs=1 count=0
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sudo parted "${IMG}" mktable msdos
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sudo parted "${IMG}" mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
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DEV=`sudo losetup --find --partscan --show "${IMG}"`
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sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n BOOT "${DEV}p1"
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mkdir boot
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sudo mount "${DEV}p1" boot
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sudo cp -R sdcard/* boot
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sudo umount boot
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sudo losetup -d "${DEV}"
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rm -r boot
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# Write to SD card
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sudo dd if="${IMG}" of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=512k status=progress && sync
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```
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## Discussions
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https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/discussions
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## Wiki
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https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki
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## Acknowledgements
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* [raphlinus](https://github.com/raphlinus) for the [MSFA](https://github.com/google/music-synthesizer-for-android) sound engine
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* [asb2m10](https://github.com/asb2m10/dexed) for the [Dexed](https://github.com/asb2m10/dexed) software
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* [dcoredump](https://github.com/dcoredump) for https://codeberg.org/dcoredump/Synth_Dexed, a port of Dexed for embedded systems
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* [rsta2](https://github.com/rsta2) for https://github.com/rsta2/circle, the library to run code on bare betal Raspberry Pi (without a Linux kernel or operating system) and for the bulk of the MiniDexed code
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* [smuehlst](https://github.com/smuehlst) for https://github.com/smuehlst/circle-stdlib, a version with Standard C and C++ library support
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