mirror of https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed
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161 lines
7.6 KiB
161 lines
7.6 KiB
# MiniDexed 
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[Dexed](https://asb2m10.github.io/dexed/) is a FM synthesizer closely modeled on the famous DX7 by a well-known Japanese manufacturer. MiniDexed is a port to run it on a bare metal Raspberry Pi (without a Linux kernel or operating system). On Raspberry Pi 2 and larger, it can run 8 Dexed instances, basically creating an open source equivalent of the TX802 (8 DX7 instances without the keyboard in one box).
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## Features
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- [x] Get [Synth_Dexed](https://codeberg.org/dcoredump/Synth_Dexed) to build with [circle-stdlib](https://github.com/smuehlst/circle-stdlib)
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- [x] Upload SD card contents to [GitHub Releases](../../releases)
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- [x] Get it to build for and boot on a Raspberry Pi 4
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- [x] Get it to react to USB MIDI
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- [x] Get it to react to MIDI via Raspberry Pi 4 GPIO
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- [x] Get it to produce some sound on the headphone jack
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- [x] Get it to produce some sound produced by Dexed
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- [x] Load a default (hardcoded) sysex
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- [x] Get it to build for and boot on a Raspberry Pi 3
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- [x] Get it to build for and boot on a Raspberry Pi 2
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- [x] Get it to build for and boot on a Raspberry Pi 1 and Raspberry Pi Zero
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- [x] Support multiple voices through Program Change and Bank Change LSB/MSB MIDI messages
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- [x] Add functionality for loading `.syx` files from SD card (e.g., using `getsysex.sh` or from [Dexed_cart_1.0.zip](http://hsjp.eu/downloads/Dexed/Dexed_cart_1.0.zip))
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- [x] Show voice name on optional [HD44780 display](https://www.berrybase.de/sensoren-module/displays/alphanumerische-displays/alphanumerisches-lcd-16x2-gr-252-n/gelb)
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- [x] Support selecting patches using MIDI Bank Change and Program Change messages
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- [x] Get 8 Dexed instances to run simultaneously (like in a TX816) and mix their output together
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- [x] Allow for each Dexed instance to be detuned and stereo shifted
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- [x] Add a way to configure multiple Dexed instances through `performance.ini` files
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- [ ] Add a way to configure multiple Dexed instances through Performance `.syx` files
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- [ ] Add a way to configure multiple Dexed instances through Performance sysex messages
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- [x] Add compressor effect
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- [x] Add reverb effect
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- [ ] Make it possible to assign voice parameters to sliders and knobs on MIDI controllers
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Contributions are highly welcome.
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## Usage
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* In the case of Raspberry Pi 4, Update the firmware and bootloader to the latest version (not doing this may cause USB reliability issues)
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* Download from [GitHub Releases](../../releases)
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* Unzip
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* Put the files into the root directory of a FAT32 formatted partition on SD/microSD card
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* Put SD/microSD card into Raspberry Pi 1, 2, 3 or 4 (Zero and Zero 2 can probably be used but need HDMI or a supported i2c DAC for audio out)
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* Attach headphones to the headphone jack using `SoundDevice=pwm` in `minidexed.ini` (default) (poor audio quality)
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* Alternatively, attach a PCM5102A or PCM5122 based DAC and select i2c sound output using `SoundDevice=i2s` in `minidexed.ini` (best audio quality)
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* Alternatively, attach a HDMI display with sound and select HDMI sound output using `SoundDevice=hdmi` in `minidexed.ini` (this may introduce slight latency)
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* Attach a MIDI keyboard via USB
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* Boot
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* Start playing
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* See the Wiki for [Menu](https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed/wiki/Menu) operation
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## Pinout
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All devices on Raspberry Pi GPIOs are **optional**.
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__CAUTION:__ All GPIO numbers are [chip numbers](https://pinout.xyz/), not header positions.
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|GPIO | Device | | Function | Direction | Comment|
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|14 | UART | | TXD | | OUT | | serial MIDI|
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|15 | UART | | RXD | | IN | | serial MIDI|
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|18 | DAC | | CLK | | OUT|
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|19 | DAC | | FS | | OUT|
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|21 | DAC | | DOUT | | OUT|
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|02 | I2C | | SDA | | IN/OUT | | used by some DACs|
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|03 | I2C | | SCL | | OUT | | used by some DACs|
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|17 | LCD | | EN | | OUT | | default setting|
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|27 | LCD | | RS | | OUT | | default setting|
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|16 | LCD | | RW | | OUT | | default setting, optional|
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|22 | LCD | | D4 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|23 | LCD | | D5 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|24 | LCD | | D6 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|25 | LCD | | D7 | | OUT | | default setting|
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|05 | ROTARY ENCODER | CLK (ENC A) | IN | | default setting|
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|06 | ROTARY ENCODER | DT (ENC B) | IN | | default setting|
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|26 | ROTARY ENCODER | SW | | IN | | default setting|
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|12 | PWM AUDIO | PWM0 | | OUT | | on Raspberry Pi Zero|
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|13 | PWM AUDIO | PWM1 | | OUT | | on Raspberry Pi Zero|
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|07 | SPI | | /CE1 | | OUT | | reserved|
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|08 | SPI | | /CE0 | | OUT | | reserved|
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|09 | SPI | | MISO | | IN | | reserved|
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|10 | SPI | | MOSI | | OUT | | reserved|
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|11 | SPI | | SCLK | | OUT | | reserved|
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|04 | NONE | | | | | | can generate clock signal|
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|20 | NONE | | | | | | may be used for DAC DIN|
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## Building locally
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E.g., to build for Raspberry Pi 4 on a Ubuntu 20.04 build system, you can use the following example. See [`build.yml`](../../tree/main/.github/workflows/build.yml) for complete build steps that create versions for Raspberry Pi 1, 2, 3,and 4 in 32-bit and 64-bit as required.
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```
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# Choose your RPi
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export RPI=4
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git clone https://github.com/probonopd/MiniDexed
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cd MiniDexed
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mkdir -p kernels sdcard
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# Recursively pull git submodules
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git submodule update --init --recursive
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# Install toolchain
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if [ "${RPI}" -gt 2 ]
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then
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wget https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu-a/10.3-2021.07/binrel/gcc-arm-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-aarch64-none-elf.tar.xz
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else
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wget https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu-a/10.3-2021.07/binrel/gcc-arm-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz
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fi
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tar xvf gcc-arm-*-*.tar.xz
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export PATH=$(readlink -f ./gcc-*/bin/):$PATH
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# Build dependencies and MiniDexed
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./build.sh
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cp ./src/kernel*.img ./kernels/
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# Get Raspberry Pi boot files
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cd ./circle-stdlib/libs/circle/boot
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make
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if [ "${RPI}" -gt 2 ]
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then
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make armstub64
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fi
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cd -
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# Make zip that contains Raspberry Pi 4 boot files. The contents can be copied to a FAT32 formatted partition on a microSD card
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cd sdcard
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../getsysex.sh
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cd ..
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cp -r ./circle-stdlib/libs/circle/boot/* sdcard
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rm -rf sdcard/config*.txt sdcard/README sdcard/Makefile sdcard/armstub sdcard/COPYING.linux
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cp ./src/config.txt ./src/minidexed.ini ./src/*img ./src/performance.ini sdcard/
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echo "usbspeed=full" > sdcard/cmdline.txt
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cd sdcard
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cp ../kernels/* . || true
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zip -r ../MiniDexed_$GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER_$(date +%Y-%m-%d).zip *
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cd -
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# Optionally, create a RPi image. This can be written to a microSD card using tools like Etcher or dd
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sudo apt install --yes mount parted
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IMG="`date +%Y-%m-%d`_minidexed-RPi${RPI}.img"
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dd of="${IMG}" seek=50MiB bs=1 count=0
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sudo parted "${IMG}" mktable msdos
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sudo parted "${IMG}" mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
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DEV=`sudo losetup --find --partscan --show "${IMG}"`
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sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n BOOT "${DEV}p1"
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mkdir boot
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sudo mount "${DEV}p1" boot
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sudo cp -R sdcard/* boot
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sudo umount boot
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sudo losetup -d "${DEV}"
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rm -r boot
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# Write to SD card
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sudo dd if="${IMG}" of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=512k status=progress
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```
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## Acknowledgements
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* [asb2m10](https://github.com/asb2m10/dexed) for the [Dexed](https://github.com/asb2m10/dexed) sound engine
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* [dcoredump](https://github.com/dcoredump) for https://codeberg.org/dcoredump/Synth_Dexed, a port of Dexed for embedded systems
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* [rsta2](https://github.com/rsta2) for https://github.com/rsta2/circle, the library to run code on bare betal Raspberry Pi (without a Linux kernel or operating system) and for the initial MiniDexed code
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* [smuehlst](https://github.com/smuehlst) for https://github.com/smuehlst/circle-stdlib, a version with Standard C and C++ library support
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