8.1 KiB
Menu creation Arduino library for LCDs, wraps LiquidCrystal.
LiquidMenu wraps the Arduino's LiquidCrystal library with the ability to create menus. It simplifies the menu creation process by abstracting the elements of a menu into hierarchically organized classes.
Resources
Features
- Fast and easy menu creation.
- Selectable menu items.
- Callback functions.
- I2C connection.
Requirements
- The Arduino's LiquidCrystal or similar library.
- LCD supported by LiquidCrystal (with Hitachi HD44780 or a compatible chipset).
- Arduino board or a compatible microcontroller.
- Input device is recommended (buttons, rotary encoder, etc.).
Quick start
Classes organization
The library uses hierarchically structured classes to represent the different elements of a menu.
Basic class hierarchy diagram:
Click here for a complete hierarchy diagram.
The LiquidLine class represents a line of text/numbers on the display. To create a new LiquidLine object use its constructor.
The LiquidScreen class represents a collection of lines that are shown together at the same time on the display (i.e. "the current screen").
The LiquidMenu class combines the screens to form a menu. This class is used for controlling the menu (switching screens, selecting lines, calling functions etc.).
The LiquidSystem is an optional class that combines menus to form a menu system (e.g. Main menu, Settings, etc.). It has the same public interface as LiquidMenu.
Creating a menu
Menu creation is all about structure. First there are variables/constants that go into the LiquidLine objects. Then the LiquidLine objects go into the LiquidScreen objects. Then LiquidScreen objects go into the LiquidMenu object/s. And optionally the LiquidMenu objects go into the LiquidSystem object. This structure can be established on object instantiation or later with the classes' public methods:
// Takes column and row for the position and 1 to 4 variable references. These variable
// references are what is going to be printed on the display. They can be integers used
// in the program, string literals passed direrctly or a char* for changing text.
LiquidLine(byte column, byte row, A &variableA...);
// Takes 0 to 4 LiquidLine objects.
LiquidScreen(LiquidLine &liquidLine1...);
// Takes a reference to the LiquidCrystal object, 0 to 4 LiquidScreen objects and
// the number of the screen that will be shown first.
LiquidMenu(LiquidCrystal &liquidCrystal, LiquidScreen &liquidScreen1..., byte startingScreen = 1);
// Takes 0 to 4 LiquidMenu objects and the number of the menu that will be shown first.
LiquidSystem(LiquidMenu &liquidMenu1..., byte startingMenu = 1);
Navigating the menu
The menu is navigated from the LiquidMenu object or if there are multiple menus - the LiquidSystem object. The screens can by cycled forward and backward or a specific screen can be specified by its object or number.
void LiquidMenu::next_screen();
void LiquidMenu::previous_screen();
bool LiquidMenu::change_screen(LiquidScreen &liquidScreen);
Focus and callback functions
The lines of text/numbers shown on the display can be interactive. Every line can have callback functions attached to it (up to 8 by default). They are attached with a number specified by the user.
bool LiquidLine::attach_function(byte number, void (*function)(void));
To call a line's attached function, the line needs to be focused (selected). To cycle the focus through the lines shown on the screen use:
void LiquidMenu::switch_focus(bool forward = true);
When the line is selected one of its attached functions can be called with:
void LiquidMenu::call_function(byte number);
The number specifies which one of the attached functions should be called.
Similar functions can be attached under the same number to different lines and then called on a similar events. For example if we are printing on the display the state of four LEDs. The four LEDs are instantiated in four LiquidLine objects with their name and their state. The functions used to turn them on can be attached under number 1 and the functions for turning them off - under number 2. Then if we have 3 buttons, one can be used to switch the focus, the second (say 'UP') button can be used to call function 1 and the third (say 'DOWN') button can be used to call function 2.
Basic example
...
// First we need to instantiate the LiquidCrystal object.
LiquidCrystal lcd(LCD_RS, LCD_E, LCD_D4, LCD_D5, LCD_D6, LCD_D7);
// ----- WELCOME SCREEN -----
/// Instantiating a line with one string literal.
LiquidLine welcome_line1(1, 0, "Hello Menu");
/// Instantiating a line with an integer variable.
byte oneTwoThree = 123;
LiquidLine welcome_line2(2, 1, oneTwoThree);
/// Forming a screen from the above two lines.
LiquidScreen welcome_screen(welcome_line1, welcome_line2);
// --------------------------
// ----- SCREEN 2 -----
LiquidLine some_line(0, 0, "Some line");
LiquidScreen some_screen(some_line);
// --------------------
// Now let's combine the screens into a menu.
LiquidMenu my_menu(lcd, welcome_screen, some_screen);
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16, 2);
...
}
void loop() {
if (rightButton) {
my_menu.next_screen();
}
if (leftButton) {
my_menu.previous_screen();
}
if (somethingElse) {
oneTwoThree++;
my_menu.update;
}
...
}
Contributors
Richard Wardlow - Scrolling lines and configuring the number of digits shown after the decimal point.
Jose Manuel - Getter functions in "lines".
For more information, please refer to the CONTRIBUTING guide.
License
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2016 Vasil Kalchev
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.