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The elements for the custom Web pages
Representative HTML elements for making the custom Web page are provided as AutoConnectElements.
- AutoConnectButton: Labeled action button
- AutoConnectCheckbox: Labeled checkbox
- AutoConnectElement: General tag
- AutoConnectInput: Labeled text input box
- AutoConnectRadio: Labeled radio button
- AutoConnectSelect: Selection list
- AutoConnectSubmit: Submit button
- AutoConnectText: Style attributed text
Layout on a custom Web page
You can specify the direction to arrange the radio buttons as AutoConnectRadio vertically or horizontally. Other elements are arranged vertically in the order of addition to AutoConnectAux. This basic layout depends on the CSS of the AutoConnect menu so it can not be changed drastically.
Form and AutoConnectElements
All AutoConnectElements placed on a custom Web page are included in one form. Its form is fixed and created by AutoConnect. The form's value (usually the text or checkbox you entered) is sent by AutoConnectSubmit using the POST method.
name and value of each AutoConnectElement which own form-data are reflected in the query string when the custom Web page was sent. You can retrieve the value in the sketch as the parameter's value of the query string with ESP8266WebServer::arg function or PageArgument class of AutoConnect::on handler when the form is submitted.
AutoConnectElement - A basic class of elements
AutoConnectElement is a base class for other element classes and has common attributes for all elements. It can also be used as a variant of each element. The following items are attributes that AutoConnectElement has and are common to other elements.
Sample
AutoConnectElement element("element", "<hr>");
On the page:
Constructor
AutoConnectElement(const char* name, const char* value)
name
Each element has a name. Name is the String data type. To access its element in the sketches you can identify by the name. Its method is useful for loading elements in JSON. In the load function of AutoConnectElement(s) described later, these objects are not created in advance by sketches. Therefore, access to the attribute of that element by the name as follows:
AutoConnectAux customPage("/custom_page", "Custom page");
const char ELEMENT_TEXT[] PROGMEM = R"(
{
"name": "text1",
"type": "ACText",
"value": "Hello, world"
}
)";
customPage.loadElement(ELEMENT_TEXT);
AutoConnectText& text1 = customPage.getElement<AutoConnectText>("text1");
text1.style = "text-align:center;color:#2f4f4f;"
The above example accesses the text1 element which loaded from JSON using AutoConnectAux's getElement function by name and sets the style attribute.
value
Value is the source of the HTML code generated with the element and its data type is String. Characteristics of Value vary depending on the element. The value of AutoConnectElement is native HTML code. A string of value is output as HTML as it is.
type
Type indicates the type of the element and represented as the ACElement_t enumeration type in the sketch. Since AutoConnectElement also acts as a variant of other elements, it can be applied to handle elements collectively. At that time, the type can be referred to by the typeOf() function. The following example changes the font color of all AutoConnectText elements of a custom Web page to gray.
AutoConnectAux customPage;
AutoConnectElementVT& elements = customPage.getElements();
for (AutoConnectElement& elm : elements) {
if (elm.typeOf() == AC_Text) {
AutoConnectText& text = reinterpret_cast<AutoConnectText&>(elm);
text.style = "color:gray;";
}
}
The enumerators for ACElement_t are as follows:
- AutoConnectButton: AC_Button
- AutoConnectCheckbox: AC_Checkbox
- AutoConnectElement: AC_Element
- AutoConnectInput: AC_Input
- AutoConnectRadio: AC_Radio
- AutoConnectSelect: AC_Select
- AutoConnectSubmit: AC_Submit
- AutoConnectText: AC_Text
- Uninitialized element: AC_Unknown
Furthermore, to convert an entity that is not an AutoConnectElement to its native type, you must re-interpret that type with c++.
AutoConnectButton
AutoConnectButton generates an HTML <button type="button"> tag and locates a clickable button to a custom Web page. Currently AutoConnectButton corresponds only to name, value, an onclick attribute of HTML button tag. An onclick attribute is generated from an action member variable of the AutoConnectButton, which is mostly used with a JavaScript to activate a script.
Sample
AutoConnectButton button("button", "OK", "myFunction()");
On the page:
Constructor
AutoConnectButton(const char* name, const char* value, const String& action)
name
It is the name of the AutoConnectButton element and matches the name attribute of the button tag. It also becomes the parameter name of the query string when submitted.
value
It becomes a value of the value attribute of an HTML button tag.
action
action is String data type and is an onclick attribute fire on a mouse click on the element. It is mostly used with a JavaScript to activate a script.1 For example, the following code defines a custom Web page that copies a content of Text1 to Text2 by clicking Button.
const char* scCopyText = R"(
<script>
function CopyText() {
document.getElementById("Text2").value = document.getElementById("Text1").value;
}
</script>
)";
ACInput(Text1, "Text1");
ACInput(Text2, "Text2");
ACButton(Button, "COPY", "CopyText()");
ACElement(TextCopy, scCopyText);
AutoConnectCheckbox
AutoConnectCheckbox generates an HTML <input type="checkbox"> tag and a <label> tag. It places horizontally on a custom Web page by default.
Sample
AutoConnectCheckbox checkbox("checkbox", "uniqueapid", "Use APID unique", false);
On the page:
Constructor
AutoConnectCheckbox(const char* name, const char* value, const char* label, const bool checked)
name
It is the name of the AutoConnectCheckbox element and matches the name attribute of the input tag. It also becomes the parameter name of the query string when submitted.
value
It becomes a value of the value attribute of an HTML <input type="checkbox"> tag.
label
A label is an optional string. A label is always arranged on the right side of the checkbox. Specification of a label will generate an HTML <label> tag with an id attribute. The checkbox and the label are connected by the id attribute.
Only will be displayed if a label is not specified.
checked
A checked is a Boolean value and indicates the checked status of the checkbox. The value of the checked checkbox element is packed in the query string and sent.
AutoConnectInput
AutoConnectInput generates an HTML <input type="text"> tag and a <label> tag. It can also have a placeholder. The value of the input box is passed to the destination in the query string and can be retrieved programmatically. You can also update from the sketches.
Sample
AutoConnectInput input("input", "", "Server", "MQTT broker server");
On the page:
Constructor
AutoConnectInput(const char* name, const char* value, const char* label, const char* placeholder)
name
It is the name of the AutoConnectInput element and matches the name attribute, the id attribute of the input tag. It also becomes the parameter name of the query string when submitted.
value
It becomes a string value of the value attribute of an HTML <input type="text"> tag. The text entered from the custom Web page will be grouped in the query string of the form submission and the string set before accessing the page will be displayed as the initial value.
label
A label is an optional string. A label is always arranged on the left side of the input box. Specification of a label will generate an HTML <label> tag with an id attribute. The input box and the label are connected by the id attribute.
placeholder
A placeholder is an option string. Specification of a placeholder will generate a placeholder attribute for the input tag.
AutoConnectRadio
AutoConnectRadio generates few HTML <input type="radio"> tags as grouped and the same number of <label> tags. AutoConnectRadio can keep the value of a radio button as a collection. The grouped values will be placed in the custom Web page to select only one exclusively.
Sample
AutoConnectRadio radio("radio", { "30 sec.", "60 sec.", "180 sec." }, "Update period", AC_Vertical, 1);
On the page:
Constructor
AutoConnectRadio(const char* name, std::vector<String> const& values, const char* label, const ACArrange_t order, const uint8_t checked)
name
It is the name of the AutoConnectRadio element and matches the name attribute of the input tags. It also becomes the parameter name of the query string when submitted.
values
A values is an array of String type for the radio button options which as actually std::vector. It is an initialization list can be used. The input tags will be generated from each entry in the values, the amount of which is the same as the number of items in values.
label
A label is an optional string. A label will be arranged in the left or top of the radio buttons according to the order. Specification of a label will generate an HTML <label> tag with an id attribute. The radio buttons and the label are connected by the id attribute.
order
A order specifies the direction to arrange the radio buttons. It is a value of type ACArrange_t and accepts one of the following:
AC_Horizontal: Horizontal arrangement.AC_Vertical: Vertical arrangement.
A label is placed in the left or the top according to order.
checked
A checked specifies the index number (1-based) of values to be checked. If this parameter is not specified neither item is checked.
AutoConnectSelect
AutoConnectSelect generates an HTML <select> tag (drop-down list) and few <option> tags.
Sample
AutoConnectSelect select("select", { String("Europe/London"), String("Europe/Berlin"), String("Europe/Helsinki"), String("Europe/Moscow"), String("Asia/Dubai") }, "Select TZ name");
On the page:
Constructor
AutoConnectSelect(const char* name, std::vector<String> const& options, const char* label)
name
It is the name of the AutoConnectSelect element and matches the name attribute of the select tags.
options
An options is an array of String type for the options which as actually std::vector for an HTML <option> tag. It is an initialization list can be used. The option tags will be generated from each entry in the options, the amount of which is the same as the number of items in an options.
label
A label is an optional string. A label is always arranged on the left side of the drop-down list. Specification of a label will generate an HTML <label> tag with an id attribute. The select tag and the label are connected by the id attribute.
AutoConnectSubmit
AutoConnectSubmit generates an HTML <input type="button"> tag attached onclick attribute. The native code of the onclick attribute is the submission of the form with the POST method.
Sample
AutoConnectSubmit submit("submit", "Save", "/mqtt_save");
On the page:
Constructor
AutoConnectSubmit(const char* name, const char* value, const char* uri)
name
It is the name of the AutoConnectSubmit element and matches the name attribute of the input tag.
value
It becomes a string of the value attribute of an HTML <input type="button"> tag. The value will be displayed as a label of the button.
uri
A uri specifies the URI to send form data when the button declared by AutoConnectSubmit is clicked.
The query string of the form data sent with AutoConnectSubmit contains the URI of the page. Its parameter name is _acuri. In Sketch, you can know the called URI by referring to the _acuri parameter with the destination page handler. The actual query string is as follows:
_acuri=CALLER_URI
AutoConnectText
AutoConnectText generates an HTML <div> tag. A style attribute will be attached if a style parameter is passed.
Sample
AutoConnectText text("text", "Publishing the WiFi signal strength to MQTT channel. RSSI value of ESP8266 to the channel created on ThingSpeak", "font-family:serif;color:#4682b4;");
On the page:
Constructor
AutoConnectText(const char* name, const char* value, const char* style)
name
A name does not exist in the generated HTML. It provides only a means of accessing elements with the sketches.
value
It becomes content and also can contain the native HTML code, but remember that your written code is enclosed by the div tag.
style
A style specifies the qualification style to give to the content and can use the style attribute format as it is.
How to coding for the elements
Declaration for the elements in Sketches
Variables of each AutoConnetElement can be declared with macros. By using the macros, you can treat element name that is String type as variable in sketches.2
ACElement ( name [ , value ] )
ACButton ( name [ , value ] [ , action ] )
ACCheckbox ( name [ , value ] [ , label ] [ , true | false ] )
ACInput ( name [ , value ] [ , label ] [ , placeholder ] )
ACRadio ( name [ , values ] [ , label ] [ , AC_Horizontal | AC_Vertical ] [ , checked ] )
ACSelect ( name [ , options ] [ , label ] )
ACSubmit ( name [ , value ] [ , uri ] )
ACText ( name [ , value ] [ , style ] )
!!! memo "Declaration macro usage"
For example, AutoConnectText can be declared using macros.
cpp AutoConnectText caption("caption", "hello, world", "color:blue;")
equals by using ACText macro.
cpp ACText(caption, "hello, world", "color:blue;")
Variant for AutoConnectElements
Some AutoConnectAux APIs specify AutoConnectElement as an argument. There are also functions that returns a pointer to AutoConnectElement. In order to make these interfaces single, AutoConnectElement behaves as a variant type of other elements. Use reinterpret_cast to cast from a variant pointer to an Actual type pointer of AutoConnectElements.
AutoConnectAux aux;
ACText(Text1, "hello, world");
aux.add(Text1);
AutoConnectText* text_p = reinterpret_cast<AutoConnectText>(aux.getElement("Text1"));
AutoConnectText& text = aux.getElement<AutoConnectText>("Text1");